The Nature And Process Of Science - 1542 Words

Before Einstein, Scientists believed that light waves travelled through a medium called ether. Einstein proved that ether was irrelevant and that light doesn’t travel through a medium. Einstein proved this by figuring out that the speed of light was constant, and in order for ether to be the medium light waves travel through, the speed of light would change depending on the observer. This discovery was one piece of the Specific Theory of Relativity. The nature and process of science are a collection of things, ideas, and guidelines. â€Å"The purpose of science is to learn about and understand our universe more completely† (Science works in specific ways, 3). Science works with evidence from our world. If it doesn’t come from the natural world, it isn’t science. You need to be creative and have flexible thoughts and ideas if you want to be a scientist. Science always brings up new ideas and theories and if you aren’t flexible to those ideas you can’t be a scientist. Science has been in our world for a long time. It is deep into our history and our cultures. The principals of science; are all about understanding our world using the evidence we collect. If we can’t collect evidence on something we simply cannot understand it. If we don’t understanding something about our world, science says that we can learn about it by collecting evidence (Science has principals, 4). Science is a p rocess; it takes time. You don’t immediately come to a conclusion for your hypothesis a few minutesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus 1567 Words   |  7 PagesVictor’s Foolishness: Using Science to Learn Natures Secrets â€Å"I have always described myself as always having been imbued with a fevering longing to penetrate the secrets of science† Victor Frankenstein (Shelley, pg34). In the novel Frankenstein and the Modern Prometheus, Mary Shelley romanticism of nature ties in to her fear of science. 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The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 30 Free Essays

From her front porch, Cassie could see the flickering blue of the television flashing like a strobe light in a haunted house. Her mother must be waiting up for her. â€Å"I should go right in,† Cassie said, gripping the door handle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 30 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"She’s up.† â€Å"Not yet.† Adam reached for her hand and squeezed it. â€Å"With everything going on,† he said, â€Å"and everything that’s happened, I want you to know that we’ll get through it.† â€Å"I know,† Cassie said. â€Å"Are you sure?† He leaned in for a kiss, but he stopped just shy of her lips. Cassie could feel his breath on her skin and the warmth of his body so close to hers. She held his gaze, and her heart pounded heavily in her chest. â€Å"I’m positive.† She pulled him in toward her, meeting his soft lips with hers. With a wild abandon she had forgotten, she and Adam melded into one, and she let herself be swept away. They kissed like that until they were both heated and flushed. Cassie allowed her breathing to slow and her heart to settle. Then she stared up at him, captivated for a moment by the course of life pulsing between them. The silver cord, she thought, the mystifying bond that had connected her to him from the beginning, and always would. It was stronger now than ever. After the wild mix of would. It was stronger now than ever. After the wild mix of emotions Cassie had experienced these past few weeks, one thing emerged solid and bright. She realized in a whole new way just how lucky she was to have Adam by her side. â€Å"I love you,† she said. He smiled brightly. â€Å"And I love you.† She kissed him once more, tenderly, and inhaled a full breath of him. â€Å"I really love you,† she said. His blue eyes sparkled, and he laughed aloud. â€Å"We can play this game all night.† â€Å"Or our whole lives,† Cassie said, beaming back at him. She found she couldn’t take her eyes from his. They drew her closer and closer in. â€Å"Maybe even longer.† When Cassie finally made her way into the house, she shut the front door behind her and paused. Her mother looked almost like a ghost, and about as frightened as if she’d seen one. Cassie felt awful she’d caused her to worry so much. Her mother had every right to be angry with her. â€Å"Mom,† she said. â€Å"I am so sorry.† When her mother made no response, she added, â€Å"I needed to go to Cape Cod; it was an emergency. And then – â€Å" â€Å"Forget about the car,† her mother said. â€Å"Are you okay?† Cassie nodded and dropped her bag at the door. When she reached her mother’s arms, she looked up at her, hoping to see a sign of reprieve in her eyes. But instead, a saddened expression passed over her mother’s face, like a massive wave of pain. â€Å"Mom?† Cassie asked, not even sure what to say. Her mother’s large black eyes, shadowed by dark circles, filled with tears. â€Å"I thought you ran away,† she said. â€Å"And then I thought you were dead. I swear I could feel your pain.† She spoke quietly and regretfully, and Cassie realized her mother probably could feel when she was in pain. They were connected, and she was a witch, after all. â€Å"You seem to be pulling away from me, just when I thought we were becoming closer,† her mother said. â€Å"Was it something I did or said that upset you? Tell me.† When Cassie found out her mother kept Scarlett a secret, it seemed like such a betrayal, like the worst secret in the world to keep hidden for her entire life. But now, looking at her mother’s frail, penitent face, Cassie realized she’d done it to protect her. She must have known Scarlett was evil. â€Å"Oh, Mom,† Cassie said. â€Å"I wasn’t angry, just confused. I was confused about so much.† After everything that had happened, Cassie realized it was time to finally tell her mom the truth. â€Å"I have so much to tell you,† Cassie said. Cassie didn’t even know where to begin, but she did her best to speak evenly and not leave anything out. She dug her nails into her palms and went on, uninterrupted, for what felt like forever. Then her mother took a shallow breath in and shut her eyes. Cassie knew it was time to be quiet and let her speak. â€Å"Scarlett’s mother didn’t shy away from the dark side of Black John either,† she said. â€Å"She’d been banned from our Circle for performing dark magic. But I’d hoped those days were behind us now. That’s why I never mentioned Scarlett.† Cassie nodded, and her mother took her face into her hands. â€Å"I would have never kept it from you if I thought you were in danger.† â€Å"It’s not your fault,† Cassie said. â€Å"I should have told you when I found out about her.† â€Å"It’s not anybody’s fault,† her mother said. â€Å"But it’s still come to this.† She took a deep breath and stood up. â€Å"There’s something I’ve been waiting to give you until it was necessary,† she said cryptically. â€Å"Now seems to be that time.† The tone of her voice was puzzling. â€Å"What is it?† Cassie asked. â€Å"I’ll be right back.† Her mother left the room and was gone longer than Cassie expected her to be. But just when Cassie was about to go looking for her, she returned with a book in her hands. It was a faded leather-bound journal with gold, deckle-edged pages. It looked to Cassie like an old bible. â€Å"This was your father’s Book of Shadows,† her mother said, holding it out to her with both hands. Cassie froze, paralyzed, and felt the blood drain out of her face. Black John’s Book of Shadows – just the thought of it made her shudder. Black magic was something she felt was better left unexplored. Her mother continued holding the book out to her. â€Å"It’s okay,† she said. â€Å"You can touch it.† Cassie reached out to take it from her mother reluctantly. The book felt cruel and cold in her hands – it almost felt alive. â€Å"How did you get this?† Cassie asked. Her mother sat back down beside her. â€Å"It’s a long story. But it’s been hidden here in this house for quite some time. You have to understand, in the wrong hands, this book could be extremely dangerous.† Like the Master Tools, Cassie thought. â€Å"And you want me to have it?† Her mother’s face was stern. â€Å"You’ll need it if you stand any chance of defeating Scarlett.† The book was heavier than it appeared to be, like its contents were greater than the sum of its pages. It was impossible to comprehend the dark spells and secrets it enclosed. Cassie noticed that its black leather cover wasn’t completely smooth. It was faintly embossed with a symbol that reminded Cassie of the inscriptions on the silver bracelet and the diadem. There were also dull scratches and indentations, like fingernails had worn into its surface. And its upper-right-hand corner was eroded almost completely gray, like a deteriorated oval-shaped stamp. Black John’s fingerprint, Cassie realized. She jerked her eyes away from the grayed spot, and her stomach lurched. She was intrigued by it, but it also upset her. Cassie refocused on the embossed symbol, trying to remember where else she’d seen that design. And then she remembered: It was identical to the inscription on Black John’s lodestone ring, the one used to identify him as John Blake, and later as John Brunswick. Having this book in her hands was the closest thing now to having Black John there in the room with her. It felt like all the darkness in the world might begin to pour forth from its pages at any moment. Cassie’s mother watched her handle the book apprehensively. â€Å"I know it feels alive to you,† she said. â€Å"But it’s just a book, I promise. And you are strong enough to handle it.† There was a candidness in her eyes that Cassie had never seen before. The book shivered in Cassie’s hands as she tried to calm herself. It was just paper and words, that’s all it was. And its words contained the key to defeating Scarlett, saving the Circle, and getting the Master Tools back. She didn’t have the luxury of pretending this book didn’t exist, as evil and frightening as it felt to her. She couldn’t simply put it back into its hiding place. It was her responsibility to read it, study it, and ingest its secrets until they became part of who she was. Only then would she be strong enough against Scarlett. Her mother silently observed her mental struggle and seemed to know exactly what she was thinking. â€Å"Remember, Cassie,† she said. â€Å"There’s so much goodness in you. There’s much more light in your soul than dark. Do you recognize that?† Cassie nodded. â€Å"I think so.† â€Å"But there are things in this book that won’t be easy for you to read. Do you understand what I mean by that?† â€Å"Yes,† Cassie said. â€Å"If you open it,† her mother warned, â€Å"there’s no going back.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 30, Essay examples

International Accounting Harmonization

Question: Discuss about theInternational Accountingfor Harmonization. Answer: Introduction Objective of the Report The objective of the current report on discussion and analytical evaluation of the organization is to assess the reasons for harmonization, understand diverse issues in harmonization with reference to operations of the corporation Wesfarmers Limited. Country Selected Brief Accounting Standard In the current case, the country Australia has been selected for assessment of reasons of harmonization and issues in harmonization. The adoption of IFRS in Australia can help in informing IASB or else IFRIC of different interpretation issues, maintenance of close association with New Zealand, vigorously contribute in IPSASB actions (Wang, 2014). Accounting Standard Process of adoption of IFRS can be facilitated by the regulations stipulated under the accounting standard AASB. This also includes declaration of AASB 1047 that is related to Disclosing the Impacts of Adopting Australian Equivalents to IFRS during the period 2004 (Haas, 2013). This accounting standard calls for the need to disclose pertinent influence in the financial declarations. Furthermore, the process of IFRS adoption also retained features of Australian insurance as well as extractive activities as IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts as well as IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources. Business entities also need to declare under the regulation Australian Corporations Act 2001 and need to implement AASB regulations (Ahmed Ali, 2015). Therefore, while preparing financial declarations, corporations need to follow different standards; A GAAP and IFRS (Strouhal, 2015). IFRS adoption in Australia involves the following factors: Institutional arrangement, Decisions for adoption of IFRS, Preparation for adoption of IFRS, Adoption procedure of IFRS, Important policy decisions, Outcomes as well as continuing challenges (De George, 2013). Financial Reporting Council (FRC) as well as AASB are essentially government units that administer harmonization and FRC provides strategic direction to the AASB. AASB contributes towards design as well as development of an individual set of accounting standards for worldwide usage. Business concerns call for the need of reporting under the Australian Corporations Act 2001 and need to implement AASB policies, conformation with standards administered by Australian Securities as well as Investment Commission (Otrusinov Hblov, 2013). The decisions to assume IFRS help to attract capital to Australia and lower cost of capital, lower costs for preparers, assessors and users of financial declarations of multinational business concerns and fill certain gaps in Australian GAAP. Company Background Wesfarmers Limited can be considered one of the largest conglomerate of Australia that has predominant interest in the retail sector of Australia and New Zealand and other business segments such as chemical and coal mining among many others. The company is essentially a for-profit organization that prepares and presents financial declarations in conformation with the requirements stated under the Corporations Act 2001, regulations stipulated under the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) as well as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) declared by the International Accounting Standards Board (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). Definition of Harmonization of Accounting Standards The board essentially outlines standards that needs to be followed whilst reporting different financial declarations. Therefore, while preparing financial declarations, all business concerns need to follow certain standards (Beke, 2013). Application of IFRS and Globalisation Ramanna (2013) suggests that globalization has directed diverse large corporation to expand their business beyond their domestic market in a bid to increase their sales as well as growth potentials. Thus, in order to draw equity in addition to debt financing for attainment of the stated goals, several companies get listed on diverse stock exchanges. Furthermore, financiers also expand their entire portfolios beyond home borders since global market places have generated greater prospects for investment. Accordingly, the variances in the practices of reporting of these global companies is of huge significance as this lead to complications in preparation, consolidation, audit as well as interpretation of financial declarations (Lakmal, 2014). The adoption procedure of IFRS can be facilitated by issuance of AASB 1047 Disclosing the Impacts of Adopting Australian Equivalents to IFRS during the period 2004 and AASB 1047 that calls for the need of disclosing pertinent influence in the finan cial reports (Christensen et al., 2015). Reasons for Harmonisation Harmonization is particularly aimed at lessening the variances in financial reporting procedures across the world. Particularly, the primary intention as well as purpose of harmonization is to attain certain degree of comparability in the manner financial pronouncements are arranged and prepared. At the time when harmonization takes place, the complications for corporations as well as individuals substantially decrease in the process of presenting different financial reports along with their assessments (Ramanna, 2013). Worldwide harmonization can help many nations in drawing advantages from the same and enhance the entire access to the global financial markets and augments the confidence as well as knowledge of financiers that might trigger a rise in upcoming investments. As rightly indicated by Lakmal (2014), harmonization of accounting standards can lead to increased efficiency of the process of auditing in addition to money saving since corporations have the need to utilize only one particular set of accounting standard. With the attainment of worldwide harmonization, the degree of global comparability increases that assists the companies to prepare as well as present financial declaration. This in turn serves the needs different financiers along with creditors of the firm. Together, it also serves the needs of the transnational corporations that carry out overseas operations. In addition to this, the harmonization of accounting processes also meets the needs of different intergovernmental transnational units and worldwide accountancy firms. Furthermore, this too aids comparative evaluation of diverse different accounting information, lessen challenge of analysing financial standards, augments the knowledge as well as confidence of financiers and decreases the Cost of capital and lessen risk to financier (De George, 2013). Thus, it can be hereby inferred that the harmonization of accounting standards can help transnational corporation in strengthening the overall management and make the process of co nsolidation easier and provide admittance to different foreign investor. Issues in Harmonisation Analysis of harmonization reflects the fact that there are several integration issues associated to the process of harmonization. Altering the existing accounting model also requires several changes such as changes in the tax accounting procedure. Furthermore, there are different international sovereignty problems (Wang, 2014). Particularly, adoption of international accounting procedures conflicts with the Australian statute regulations as well as constitutional regulations related to states authority. As rightly put forward by Wang (2014), accounting standards are designed in diverse nations under dissimilar licit, economic, societal in addition to cultural surroundings. Hence there occurs such variety in accounting principles among different nations through the world. However, it is obligatory to reach a contract as to the main intention of financial broadcasting if convergence or else harmonization is to be attained. The AASB principles are concerned with serving the requirements of financiers as well as capital markets. However, nations that have a diverse financial broadcasting philosophy might possibly find it very challenging to harmonize domestic standards with specifically the IFRS (Ramanna, 2013). However, the overall superiority of financial declarations relies on the entire excellence of accounting principles along with the usefulness of the procedure by which specific principles are executed. However, suitable regulatory in addition to additional supports are essential to make certain appropriate execution of accounting standards. In addition to this, application of accounting principles is a challenging activity (Lakmal, 2014). Despite convergence, assurance cannot be provided regarding the implementation with the similar amount of vigour in all authority. Again, conjunction of accounting principles with world-wide approach can inescapably increase the questions of regulations as against notions and principles. However, AASB standards are mainly based on principles (De George, 2013). Therefore the nations that contain directive-based principles are anticipated to experience substantial challenge in harmonization of standards with specifically the IFRS. Case Study to Illustrate the Success of Failure of Harmonisation The AASB seeks to harmonise and congregate standards with that of the IASB. This also aims to aid the overall Public Sector Committee (PSC) of the particular International Federation of Accountants in designing principles for public sectors. During the period 2002, the Financial Reporting Council provided a wide-ranging strategic direction to particularly AASB that requires implementation of declarations delivered by the International Financial Reporting Standards. In view of that, Australian parallels to IFRSs implement to annual reporting periods from 1st January, 2005. However, the AASB has engaged certain national standards as well as elucidations. The corporation Wesfarmers has successfully implemented the IFRS for preparation of the financial statements of the company. The company Wesfarmers prepares the financial declarations as per the directives stipulated under Corporations Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) as well as the International Financial Reporti ng Standards (IFRS) declared by the International Accounting Standards Board (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). In addition to this, the annual report of the firm also states clearly different new as well as amended standards that the company has adopted. The company has successfully adopted the AASB 2014-1 that is the Part A that states Annual Improvements to essentially IFRS 2010-2012 on from 1st July 2014. Furthermore, the company has also adopted the standard AASB 2014-1 Part A: Annual Improvements to IFRS 2011-2013 (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). This regulation essentially refers to the amendment made to the directives of IFRS that includes clarification of specific portfolio with certain exceptions mentioned under the paragraph 52 of particularly AASB 13 Fair Value Measurements in addition to clarification of different items stated under AASB 140 Investment Property (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). Financial Statements In case of preparation of financial statements such as cash flow statements, the IFRS regulations essentially complies with the AASB regulations, while supplementary disclosures are necessary at the time of comparison with the IFRS. The financial standard establishes modifications to several IFRSs counting illumination of specific definitions in AASB 2 Share-based Payment as well as AASB 124 Related Party Disclosures. This also removes references to different regulations namely, AASB 137 Provisions, rules for contingent Liabilities as well as Contingent Assets as mentioned in AASB 3 Business Combinations. This also requires supplementary revelations as declared in AASB 8 for Operating Segments. Conclusion The above study helps in gaining deep understanding regarding the objective of the harmonization particularly in Australia. Firstly, the study helps in understanding the objective of harmonization along with the needs and limitations of the same with special reference to the operations of Wesfarmers. Moving further, the current study also draws reference to the successful adoption of IFRS by Wesfarmers and elucidates in detail IFRS regulations that are adopted by the corporation successfully. References Ahmed, K., Ali, M. J. (2015). Has the harmonisation of accounting practices improved? Evidence from South Asia. International Journal of Accounting Information Management, 23(4), 327-348. Beke, J. (2013). Problems Caused by Accounting Diversity. In International Accounting Harmonization (pp. 79-83). Palgrave Macmillan US. Christensen, H. B., Lee, E., Walker, M., Zeng, C. (2015). Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?. European Accounting Review, 24(1), 31-61. De George, E. T. (2013). Consequences of Accounting Harmonization: IFRS adoption and Cross-Border Contagion (Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan). Haas, J. (2013). Towards a comprehensive appraisal of global accounting harmonization: About the desirability of IFRSA comment on Ramannas The international politics of IFRS harmonization. Accounting, Economics and Law, 3(2), 53-68. Lakmal, D. (2014). Impact of International Accounting Harmonization. Browser Download This Paper. Otrusinov, M., Hblov, E. (2013). International harmonization of accounting demands a new approach to accounting education. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. Ramanna, K. (2013). The international politics of IFRS harmonization. Accounting, Economics and Law, 3(2), 1-46. Strouhal, J. (2015). Historical Costs or Fair Value in Accounting: Impact on Selected Financial Ratios. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(5), 560-564. Wang, C. (2014). Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer. Journal of Accounting Research, 52(4), 955-992. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2017). Wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au